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BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338971 In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between $RBC$ and plasma. Removal of ${CO}_{2}$ from tissue into blood involves

1 Efflux of

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

ions from

RBC

into plasma

2 Efflux of

{Cl}^{-}

from

RBC

into plasma

3 Influx of

{HCO}_{3}

ions

4 Influx of

{Cl}^{-}

ions

Explanation:

Bicarbonate ions which are formed inside the $RBC$ diffuse from $RBC$ into the plasma. To maintain the ionic balance ${Cl}^{-}$ ionic move from plasma into RBCs. This ionic exchange is called chloride shift or Hamburger's phenomenon.
supporting img
Chloride shift is required for ${CO}_{2}$ transport

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338972 People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimetre of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

1 Atmospheric

O_{2}

level is less and hence, more Rbcs are needed to absorb the required amount of

O_{2}

to survive

2 There is more UV radiation which enhances Rbc production

3 People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more Rbcs are formed

4 People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available

Explanation:

At high altitude, the atmospheric $O_{2}$ level is less and hence, more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $O_{2}$ to survive. That is why, the people living at sea level have around 5 million RBC/mm3 of their blood whereas, those living at an altitude of 5400 meter have around 8 million $RBC / mm 3$ of their blood.

AIPMT - 2006

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338973 For proper transport of $O_{2}$ and ${CO}_{2}$ blood should be

1 Slightly acidic

2 Strongly alkaline

3 Strongly acidic

4 Slightly alkaline

Explanation:

Haemoglobin binds oxygen when passing through the alveoli of the lungs and releases oxygen in the warmer, more acidic environment of bodily tissues, via simple diffusion. Most of the carbon dioxide combines with water and is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. An excess of carbon dioxide (through exercise, or from holding ones breath) quickly shifts the blood $pH$ to being more acidic (acidosis). Chemoreceptors in the brain and major blood vessels detect this shift and stimulate the breathing centre of the brain (the medulla oblongata). Hence, as ${CO}_{2}$ levels build up and the blood becomes more acidic, we involuntarily breathe faster, thus lowering ${CO}_{2}$ levels and stabilising blood $pH$ . In contrast, a person who is hyperventilating (such as during a panic attack) will expire more ${CO}_{2}$ than being produced in the body and the blood will become too alkaline (alkalosis).

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338974 At a given $O_{2}$ concentration, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if

1

pH

of blood rises

2

{CO}_{2}

concentration of blood falls

3

pH

of blood falls

4 Free fatty acid concentration of blood falls

Explanation:

Factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to right
a. Decrease in $pO 2$ .
b. Increase in $p C O_{2}$ (Both effect).
c. Increase in body temperature.
d. Increase in $H +$ ion concentration.
e. Decrease in $pH$ .
f. Increse in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
Right shifting indicates dissociation of $O_{2}$ from $Hb$ .

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338971 In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between $RBC$ and plasma. Removal of ${CO}_{2}$ from tissue into blood involves

1 Efflux of

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

ions from

RBC

into plasma

2 Efflux of

{Cl}^{-}

from

RBC

into plasma

3 Influx of

{HCO}_{3}

ions

4 Influx of

{Cl}^{-}

ions

Explanation:

Bicarbonate ions which are formed inside the $RBC$ diffuse from $RBC$ into the plasma. To maintain the ionic balance ${Cl}^{-}$ ionic move from plasma into RBCs. This ionic exchange is called chloride shift or Hamburger's phenomenon.
supporting img
Chloride shift is required for ${CO}_{2}$ transport

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338972 People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimetre of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

1 Atmospheric

O_{2}

level is less and hence, more Rbcs are needed to absorb the required amount of

O_{2}

to survive

2 There is more UV radiation which enhances Rbc production

3 People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more Rbcs are formed

4 People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available

Explanation:

At high altitude, the atmospheric $O_{2}$ level is less and hence, more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $O_{2}$ to survive. That is why, the people living at sea level have around 5 million RBC/mm3 of their blood whereas, those living at an altitude of 5400 meter have around 8 million $RBC / mm 3$ of their blood.

AIPMT - 2006

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338973 For proper transport of $O_{2}$ and ${CO}_{2}$ blood should be

1 Slightly acidic

2 Strongly alkaline

3 Strongly acidic

4 Slightly alkaline

Explanation:

Haemoglobin binds oxygen when passing through the alveoli of the lungs and releases oxygen in the warmer, more acidic environment of bodily tissues, via simple diffusion. Most of the carbon dioxide combines with water and is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. An excess of carbon dioxide (through exercise, or from holding ones breath) quickly shifts the blood $pH$ to being more acidic (acidosis). Chemoreceptors in the brain and major blood vessels detect this shift and stimulate the breathing centre of the brain (the medulla oblongata). Hence, as ${CO}_{2}$ levels build up and the blood becomes more acidic, we involuntarily breathe faster, thus lowering ${CO}_{2}$ levels and stabilising blood $pH$ . In contrast, a person who is hyperventilating (such as during a panic attack) will expire more ${CO}_{2}$ than being produced in the body and the blood will become too alkaline (alkalosis).

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338974 At a given $O_{2}$ concentration, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if

1

pH

of blood rises

2

{CO}_{2}

concentration of blood falls

3

pH

of blood falls

4 Free fatty acid concentration of blood falls

Explanation:

Factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to right
a. Decrease in $pO 2$ .
b. Increase in $p C O_{2}$ (Both effect).
c. Increase in body temperature.
d. Increase in $H +$ ion concentration.
e. Decrease in $pH$ .
f. Increse in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
Right shifting indicates dissociation of $O_{2}$ from $Hb$ .

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338971 In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between $RBC$ and plasma. Removal of ${CO}_{2}$ from tissue into blood involves

1 Efflux of

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

ions from

RBC

into plasma

2 Efflux of

{Cl}^{-}

from

RBC

into plasma

3 Influx of

{HCO}_{3}

ions

4 Influx of

{Cl}^{-}

ions

Explanation:

Bicarbonate ions which are formed inside the $RBC$ diffuse from $RBC$ into the plasma. To maintain the ionic balance ${Cl}^{-}$ ionic move from plasma into RBCs. This ionic exchange is called chloride shift or Hamburger's phenomenon.
supporting img
Chloride shift is required for ${CO}_{2}$ transport

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338972 People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimetre of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

1 Atmospheric

O_{2}

level is less and hence, more Rbcs are needed to absorb the required amount of

O_{2}

to survive

2 There is more UV radiation which enhances Rbc production

3 People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more Rbcs are formed

4 People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available

Explanation:

At high altitude, the atmospheric $O_{2}$ level is less and hence, more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $O_{2}$ to survive. That is why, the people living at sea level have around 5 million RBC/mm3 of their blood whereas, those living at an altitude of 5400 meter have around 8 million $RBC / mm 3$ of their blood.

AIPMT - 2006

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338973 For proper transport of $O_{2}$ and ${CO}_{2}$ blood should be

1 Slightly acidic

2 Strongly alkaline

3 Strongly acidic

4 Slightly alkaline

Explanation:

Haemoglobin binds oxygen when passing through the alveoli of the lungs and releases oxygen in the warmer, more acidic environment of bodily tissues, via simple diffusion. Most of the carbon dioxide combines with water and is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. An excess of carbon dioxide (through exercise, or from holding ones breath) quickly shifts the blood $pH$ to being more acidic (acidosis). Chemoreceptors in the brain and major blood vessels detect this shift and stimulate the breathing centre of the brain (the medulla oblongata). Hence, as ${CO}_{2}$ levels build up and the blood becomes more acidic, we involuntarily breathe faster, thus lowering ${CO}_{2}$ levels and stabilising blood $pH$ . In contrast, a person who is hyperventilating (such as during a panic attack) will expire more ${CO}_{2}$ than being produced in the body and the blood will become too alkaline (alkalosis).

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338974 At a given $O_{2}$ concentration, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if

1

pH

of blood rises

2

{CO}_{2}

concentration of blood falls

3

pH

of blood falls

4 Free fatty acid concentration of blood falls

Explanation:

Factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to right
a. Decrease in $pO 2$ .
b. Increase in $p C O_{2}$ (Both effect).
c. Increase in body temperature.
d. Increase in $H +$ ion concentration.
e. Decrease in $pH$ .
f. Increse in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
Right shifting indicates dissociation of $O_{2}$ from $Hb$ .

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338971 In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between $RBC$ and plasma. Removal of ${CO}_{2}$ from tissue into blood involves

1 Efflux of

{HCO}_{3}^{-}

ions from

RBC

into plasma

2 Efflux of

{Cl}^{-}

from

RBC

into plasma

3 Influx of

{HCO}_{3}

ions

4 Influx of

{Cl}^{-}

ions

Explanation:

Bicarbonate ions which are formed inside the $RBC$ diffuse from $RBC$ into the plasma. To maintain the ionic balance ${Cl}^{-}$ ionic move from plasma into RBCs. This ionic exchange is called chloride shift or Hamburger's phenomenon.
supporting img
Chloride shift is required for ${CO}_{2}$ transport

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338972 People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimetre of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metre have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

1 Atmospheric

O_{2}

level is less and hence, more Rbcs are needed to absorb the required amount of

O_{2}

to survive

2 There is more UV radiation which enhances Rbc production

3 People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more Rbcs are formed

4 People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available

Explanation:

At high altitude, the atmospheric $O_{2}$ level is less and hence, more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $O_{2}$ to survive. That is why, the people living at sea level have around 5 million RBC/mm3 of their blood whereas, those living at an altitude of 5400 meter have around 8 million $RBC / mm 3$ of their blood.

AIPMT - 2006

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338973 For proper transport of $O_{2}$ and ${CO}_{2}$ blood should be

1 Slightly acidic

2 Strongly alkaline

3 Strongly acidic

4 Slightly alkaline

Explanation:

Haemoglobin binds oxygen when passing through the alveoli of the lungs and releases oxygen in the warmer, more acidic environment of bodily tissues, via simple diffusion. Most of the carbon dioxide combines with water and is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. An excess of carbon dioxide (through exercise, or from holding ones breath) quickly shifts the blood $pH$ to being more acidic (acidosis). Chemoreceptors in the brain and major blood vessels detect this shift and stimulate the breathing centre of the brain (the medulla oblongata). Hence, as ${CO}_{2}$ levels build up and the blood becomes more acidic, we involuntarily breathe faster, thus lowering ${CO}_{2}$ levels and stabilising blood $pH$ . In contrast, a person who is hyperventilating (such as during a panic attack) will expire more ${CO}_{2}$ than being produced in the body and the blood will become too alkaline (alkalosis).

BIOXI17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

338974 At a given $O_{2}$ concentration, dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin will increase if

1

pH

of blood rises

2

{CO}_{2}

concentration of blood falls

3

pH

of blood falls

4 Free fatty acid concentration of blood falls

Explanation:

Factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to right
a. Decrease in $pO 2$ .
b. Increase in $p C O_{2}$ (Both effect).
c. Increase in body temperature.
d. Increase in $H +$ ion concentration.
e. Decrease in $pH$ .
f. Increse in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
Right shifting indicates dissociation of $O_{2}$ from $Hb$ .

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