Thermodynamics of Metallurgy
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CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321204 Carbon cannot reduce \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\) to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\) at a temperature below \(\mathrm{983 \mathrm{~K}}\) because

1 free energy change for the formation of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is more negative than that of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is thermodynamically more stable than \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
3 carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron
4 iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321205 Statement A :
At temperature above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}}\) (approx.) the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO}}\) line comes below the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\), \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) line \(\mathrm{\left[\Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO})} < \Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{FeO})}\right]}\)
Statement B :
In this range, coke will reduce the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) and itself get oxidised to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\).

1 Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect.
2 Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct.
3 Both statements are correct.
4 Both Statements are incorrect.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321206 According to Ellingham diagram the oxidation reaction of carbon and carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature?

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{MgO}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{ZnO}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321207 Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Hg}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cr}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321208 Which of the following is correct regarding following diagram of reduction of haematite?
supporting img

1 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
2 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{CO}}\) is better reducing agent
3 Above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
4 Haematite can't be reduced by \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}}\) or \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\)
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CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321204 Carbon cannot reduce \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\) to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\) at a temperature below \(\mathrm{983 \mathrm{~K}}\) because

1 free energy change for the formation of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is more negative than that of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is thermodynamically more stable than \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
3 carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron
4 iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321205 Statement A :
At temperature above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}}\) (approx.) the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO}}\) line comes below the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\), \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) line \(\mathrm{\left[\Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO})} < \Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{FeO})}\right]}\)
Statement B :
In this range, coke will reduce the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) and itself get oxidised to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\).

1 Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect.
2 Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct.
3 Both statements are correct.
4 Both Statements are incorrect.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321206 According to Ellingham diagram the oxidation reaction of carbon and carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature?

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{MgO}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{ZnO}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321207 Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Hg}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cr}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321208 Which of the following is correct regarding following diagram of reduction of haematite?
supporting img

1 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
2 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{CO}}\) is better reducing agent
3 Above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
4 Haematite can't be reduced by \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}}\) or \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\)
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CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321204 Carbon cannot reduce \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\) to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\) at a temperature below \(\mathrm{983 \mathrm{~K}}\) because

1 free energy change for the formation of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is more negative than that of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is thermodynamically more stable than \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
3 carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron
4 iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321205 Statement A :
At temperature above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}}\) (approx.) the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO}}\) line comes below the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\), \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) line \(\mathrm{\left[\Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO})} < \Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{FeO})}\right]}\)
Statement B :
In this range, coke will reduce the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) and itself get oxidised to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\).

1 Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect.
2 Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct.
3 Both statements are correct.
4 Both Statements are incorrect.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321206 According to Ellingham diagram the oxidation reaction of carbon and carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature?

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{MgO}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{ZnO}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321207 Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Hg}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cr}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321208 Which of the following is correct regarding following diagram of reduction of haematite?
supporting img

1 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
2 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{CO}}\) is better reducing agent
3 Above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
4 Haematite can't be reduced by \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}}\) or \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\)
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CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321204 Carbon cannot reduce \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\) to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\) at a temperature below \(\mathrm{983 \mathrm{~K}}\) because

1 free energy change for the formation of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is more negative than that of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is thermodynamically more stable than \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
3 carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron
4 iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321205 Statement A :
At temperature above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}}\) (approx.) the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO}}\) line comes below the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\), \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) line \(\mathrm{\left[\Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO})} < \Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{FeO})}\right]}\)
Statement B :
In this range, coke will reduce the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) and itself get oxidised to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\).

1 Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect.
2 Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct.
3 Both statements are correct.
4 Both Statements are incorrect.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321206 According to Ellingham diagram the oxidation reaction of carbon and carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature?

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{MgO}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{ZnO}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321207 Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Hg}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cr}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321208 Which of the following is correct regarding following diagram of reduction of haematite?
supporting img

1 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
2 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{CO}}\) is better reducing agent
3 Above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
4 Haematite can't be reduced by \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}}\) or \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\)
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CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321204 Carbon cannot reduce \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\) to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\) at a temperature below \(\mathrm{983 \mathrm{~K}}\) because

1 free energy change for the formation of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is more negative than that of \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\) is thermodynamically more stable than \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
3 carbon has higher affinity towards oxygen than iron
4 iron has higher affinity towards oxygen than carbon.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321205 Statement A :
At temperature above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}}\) (approx.) the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO}}\) line comes below the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\), \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) line \(\mathrm{\left[\Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CO})} < \Delta \mathrm{G}_{(\mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{FeO})}\right]}\)
Statement B :
In this range, coke will reduce the \(\mathrm{\mathrm{FeO}}\) and itself get oxidised to \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\).

1 Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect.
2 Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct.
3 Both statements are correct.
4 Both Statements are incorrect.
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321206 According to Ellingham diagram the oxidation reaction of carbon and carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature?

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{MgO}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{ZnO}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321207 Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

1 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Hg}}\)
2 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cu}}\)
3 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Cr}}\)
4 \(\mathrm{\mathrm{Fe}}\)
CHXII06:GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

321208 Which of the following is correct regarding following diagram of reduction of haematite?
supporting img

1 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
2 Below \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{CO}}\) is better reducing agent
3 Above \(\mathrm{1073 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{C}}\) is better reducing agent
4 Haematite can't be reduced by \(\mathrm{\mathrm{C}}\) or \(\mathrm{\mathrm{CO}}\)