Explanation:
Hell - Volhard - Zelinsky Reaction :
It is \(\alpha \) - subtitution when a carboxylic acid having \(\alpha \) - hydrogens is treated with chlorine or bromine in presence of small amount of red phosphorous.
\(R-C{{H}_{2}}COOH\,+\,{{X}_{2}}\,\xrightarrow{P}\) $\begin{matrix}
X\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\
|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\
RCH-COOH+HX \\
\end{matrix}$ $(X\,=\,Cl,\,Br)$