ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS and CAPACITANCE

Properties & Key Points:

• \( V \): Electrostatic potential.
• \( k_e \): Coulomb's constant (\( k_e = 9 \times 10^9 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 / \text{C}^2 \)).
• \( q \): Point charge.
• \( r \): Distance from the point charge.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( U \): Electrostatic potential energy.
• \( k_e \): Coulomb's constant.
• \( q_1, q_2 \): Charges involved.
• \( r \): Distance between the charges.

• An equipotential surface is a surface where the electric potential is the same at every point on the surface.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( E \): Electric field.
• \( V \): Electric potential.
• \( r \): Distance.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( C \): Capacitance.
• \( Q \): Charge stored on the capacitor.
• \( V \): Potential difference across the plates.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( C \): Capacitance.
• \( \epsilon_0 \): Permittivity of free space (\( \epsilon_0 = 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{C}^2 / \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2 \)).
• \( A \): Area of each plate.
• \( d \): Distance between the plates.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( U \): Energy stored in the capacitor.
• \( C \): Capacitance.
• \( V \): Potential difference across the plates.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( C \): Capacitance with dielectric.
• \( C_0 \): Capacitance without dielectric.
• \( \kappa \): Dielectric constant.

Properties & Key Points:

• \( C \): Capacitance.
• \( \epsilon_0 \): Permittivity of free space.
• \( r_1, r_2 \): Inner and outer radii of the spherical shells.